Respuesta glicémica al consumo de una barra de cereales-leguminosa (Phaseolus vulgaris) en individuos sanos / Glycemic response to consumption of a cereals and legume (Phaseolus vulgaris) bar on healthy individuals

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue formular una barra de cereales y leguminosa (Phaseolus vulgaris) y evaluar su impacto sobre la respuesta glicémica de individuos sanos, a fin de contribuir con la oferta de alimentos beneficiosos para la salud del consumidor. Para esto se formuló una barra con una mezcla de cereales (maíz y avena) y dos porcentajes (20% y 30%) de Phaseolus vulgaris. Adicionalmente, se preparó una barra de cereales sin leguminosa (barra control). Mediante evaluación sensorial, se seleccionó la barra con 30% de Phaseolus vulgaris, por ser evaluada con mejor sabor y textura, además esa combinación de cereales y leguminosas favorece la complementación aminoacídica y los criterios de formulación previamente establecidos. La caracterización química indicó un contenido de proteínas mayor en la barra con 30% de Phaseolus vulgaris (13,55%), en relación a la barra control (8,5%). Los contenidos de grasa, cenizas y fibra dietética no presentaron diferencias (p>0,05) entre ambas barras evaluadas. Sin embargo, el contenido de fibra soluble y de almidón resistente de la barra seleccionada resultó un 32,05% y 18,67% mayor, respectivamente, que en la barra control, con lo cual se podría contribuir con la disminución de la velocidad de absorción de la glucosa. La barra seleccionada presentó un índice glicémico bajo (49) y carga glicémica intermedia (12,0) en voluntarios sanos, lo que podría traducirse en una posible reducción de la tasa de absorción de glucosa al torrente sanguíneo, asociada a un contenido de carbohidratos de absorción lenta. La barra formulada representa una propuesta de merienda saludable para el consumidor.

The objective of this work was to formulate a cereals and legume (Phaseolus vulgaris) bar and assess its impact on the glycemic response of healthy individuals, in order to contribute to the healthy food supply beneficial to consumers. A mixture of cereals (corn and oats) and different percentages (20 and 30%) of Phaseolus vulgaris was used to formulate the bar. Additionally, a legume cereal bar without legumes (bar control) was prepared. The bar with 30% of Phaseolus vulgaris was selected through sensory evaluation, being scored with better flavor and texture. This combination of cereals and legumes aminoacid improves complementation and reaches the formulation criteria previously established. Chemical characterization indicated a higher protein content in the bar with 30% of Phaseolus vulgaris (13,55%) relative to the bar control (8,5%). The contents of fat, ash and dietary fiber did not differ between the two bars evaluated. However, the soluble fiber and resistant starch of the selected bar was a 32,05% and 18,67%, respectively, than in the control bar; this may contribute to decreasing the rate of glucose uptake. The selected bar presented a low glycemic index (49) and intermediate glycemic load (12,0) in healthy volunteers, which could lead to a possible reduction in the rate of absorption of glucose into the bloodstream, associated with a carbohydrate content of slow absorption. This bar represents a proposal of a healthy snack for the consumer.

Excreção de gordura fecal de ratos (Rattus norvegicus, Wistar), submetidos a dietas hiperlipídicas e hipercolesterolêmicas suplementadas com quitosana / Faecal fat excretion of mice (Rattus norvegicus, Wistar), submitted to hypercholesterolemic and hyperlipidic diets supplemented with chitosan

Investigou-se o efeito de duas marcas comerciais de quitosana na excreção de gordura fecal, em ratos submetidos a dietas hipercolesterolêmicas e hiperlipídicas. Utilizou-se 32 ratos Wistar, distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n=8): grupo controle (GC), recebeu dieta AIN-93G, grupo hiperlipídico (GH):dieta AIN-93G modificada no teor de lipídios (12%) e suplementada com colesterol (1%), e os grupos hiperlipídico quitosana 1 (GHQ1) e hiperlipídico quitosana 2 (GHQ2), quereceberam a mesma dieta do GH, suplementados com suas respectivas quitosanas (5%). Realizou-se coleta de fezes nos dias 0, 14o e 28o do experimento. A determinação da gordura fecal (g) foi realizada através do método de Soxhlet. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas (p>0,05) entre os 4 grupos quanto ao teor de gordura fecal no início do experimento. No 14o dia, o grupo GHQ1 teve aumento significativo na excreção de gordura fecal quando comparado aos outros três grupos (p<0,05). No 28º dia, no grupo GHQ1, a excreção de gordura fecal foi maiorque nos demais grupos (p<0,05), enquanto que o grupo GHQ2 não diferiu estatisticamente do grupo GH. Os resultados sugerem que as diferenças entre estes dois grupos podem ser devidas ao grau de pureza, viscosidade e grau de desacetilação das quitosanas.

The effect of two comercial brands of chitosan in the faecal fat excretion was investigated in mice submitted tohypercholesterolemic and hyperlipidic diets. 32 rats Wistar, recently weaned, distributed randomly in four groups (n=8): control group (CG), received diet of AIN- 93G; hyperlipidic group (HG): diet of AIN-93G modified in the lipids content (12%) and supplemented withcholesterol (1%); and the chitosan hyperlipidic groups 1 (QHG1) and chitosan hyperlipidic 2 (QHG2), thatreceived the same diet of the HG, supplemented with their respective chitosan (5%). The faecal collection wasconducted on the days 0, 14th and 28th of the experiment. The faecal fat determination (g) was conducted through the Soxhlet method. No significant statistical differences (p>0.05) were observed among the 4 groups as to the fat content in the beginning of the experiment. On the 14th day, the GHQ1 group had a significant increase of faecal fatwhen compared to the other three groups (p<0.05). On the 28th day, in the GHQ1 group, the faecal fat excretion was larger than in the other groups (p<0.05), while the group GHQ2 had not statistically differed from the group GH. The results suggest that the differences between these two groups can be caused by the purity degree, viscosity and deacetylation degree of the chitosans.

Consumo de fibra dietética en un grupo de niños de la consulta externa del servicio de gastroenterología pediátrica del Hospital Infantil Club Noel de Cali, Colombia / Dietetic fiber in 22 children from the Hospital Infantil Club Noel of Cali, Colombia

Introducción: El estreñimiento crónico funcional (ECF) es causa importante de consulta en gastroenterología pediátrica. El papel de la fibra dietética en niños como agente causal de estreñimiento es tema de controversia. Objetivo: Informar el consumo de fibra dietética en 22 niños del Hospital Infantil Club Noel (HICN) de Cali, Colombia. Informe de casos: Se trata de 22 niños (3-13 años), de ambos géneros, que consultaron por primera vez al HICN de Cali, por diversas causas digestivas. Se realizó una historia clínica médica, y una entrevista nutricional por recordatorio de 24 horas. Se definió desnutrición aguda cuando el déficit para peso/talla (P/T) era >10% y sobrepeso cuando el exceso para P/T era >10%. El análisis químico de la fibra dietética se hizo con base en el Contenido de Fibra Dietética y Almidón Resistente en Alimentos y Productos Iberoamericanos del CYTED. Se dividieron según género, hábito intestinal y signos y síntomas; en niños con estreñimiento (n=9) y sin estreñimiento (n=13) (p=0.865, 95% IC -6.71 a 7.91). Conclusión: Los 22 niños del HICN de Cali, independiente de la presencia de estreñimiento, consumen 12.8±7.8 g de fibra dietaria al día, que son los recomendados por la mayoría de estudios descritos.

Introduction: Functional chronic constipation is an important cause of consultation in pediatric gastroenterology. The role of the dietetic fiber in children is controversial as a cause of the constipation. Objective: To report the dietetic fiber consumption in 22 children of the Hospital Infantil Club Noel (HICN) of Cali. Report of cases: Were included 22 children (3-13 years), both gender, from the HICN of Cali with digestive diagnoses for the first time. A medical clinical history was made, and one interviews nutritional by reminder of 24 hours. Acute undernourishment was defined when the deficit for weight/height (W/H) was >10% and overweight when the excess for W/H was >10%. The chemical analysis of the dietetic fiber was made following the Content of Dietetic Fiber and Resistant Starch in Foods and Latin American Products of the CYTED. The patients were divided according to gender, intestinal habit, signs and symptoms; in children with constipation (n=9) and without constipation (n=13) (p=0.865, 95% IC -6.71 to 7.91). Conclusion: The 22 children of the HICN of Cali, independent of the constipation presence, consume 12.8±7.8 grams of dietetic fiber to the day, an amount that is the recommended one by almost all of the consulted studies.